题目内容：

Why do young adult children become independent so much later than they did in 1970，when the average age of independent living was 21? Why have reduced class sizes and increased per-pupil expenditures (花销）not      higher academic achievement levels? Why is the mental health of today’s kids so poor when ________with that of children in the 1960s and before? Why do today’s ________ become defensive when told by teachers that their children have misbehaved in school?

The answer in two words: parental ________. Those two words best summarize the ________ between “old” child raising and new, post-1960s parenting. Then, the overall philosophy was that parents shouldn’t be ________ involved with their kids. They were available ________ crisis, but they stood a (an) ________ distance from their kids and allowed them to ________  the benefits of the trial-and-error (反复试验)process. It was the child’s ________, back then, to keep his or her parents from getting involved. That was________ children learned to be responsible and determined.

Today’s parents help their kids with almost everything. These are parents who are ________ when it comes to an understanding of their purpose in their kids’lives. Their involvement leads them to personalize everything that happens to their kids; thus, the defensiveness. But considering that schools and mental health professionals have been pushing parent involvement for nearly four decades, the confusion and defensiveness are ________.

University researchers analyzed three decades of data relating to parent participation in children’s academics. Their conclusions ________ what I’ve been saying since the 1980s: parental help with homework________a child’s academic achievement and is not reflected on standardized tests.

Parents who manage a child’s social life affect the ________ of good social skills. Parents who manage a child’s after-school activities raise kids who don’t know how to ________ their own free time. Parents who get involved in their kids’ ________ with peers raise kids who don’t know how to avoid trouble.

These kids have anxieties and fears of all sorts and don’t want to leave their ________ . And their parents, when the time comes, don’t know how to ________ being parents. You can imagine what will become of their future.

1.A. counted on     B. taken in      C. touched on      D. resulted in

2.A. connected      B. linked        C. compared      D. matched

3.A. youths         B. adolescents  C. psychologists  D. parents

4.A. assistance    B. protection   C. involvement     D. preference

5.A. choices        B. similarities C. differences    D. relations

6.A. slightly       B. passively     C. fairly          D. highly

7.A. in fear of    B. in spite of  C. in view of      D. in case of

8.A. safe           B. equal         C. long            D. short

9.A. experiment    B. gain          C. experience      D. enjoy

10.A. fault        B. job          C. turn            D. attitude

11.A. how           B. when         C. why          D. what

12.A. amazed        B. disappointed  C. confused        D. satisfied

13.A. unreasonable B. changeable    C. understandable D. avoidable

14.A. realized      B. convinced     C. confirmed       D. reflected

15.A. lowers       B. decides      C. helps           D. promotes

16.A. development  B. performance   C. establishment   D. appearance

17.A. fill          B. devote        C. value           D. save

18.A. communication B. cooperation   C. conflicts       D. competitions

19.A. career        B. school       C. home           D. profession

20.A. ignore       B. stop         C. consider        D. Start