题目内容：

完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Why do young adult children become independent so much later than they did in 1970，when the average age of independent living was 21? Why have reduced class sizes and increased per-pupil expenditures (花销）not _________ higher academic achievement levels? Why is the mental health of today’s kids so poor when _________ with that of children in the 1960s and before? Why do today’s _________ become defensive when told by teachers that their children have misbehaved in school?

The answer is in two words: parental ___________. Those two words best summarize the ____________ between “old” child raising and new, post-1960s parenting. Then, the general philosophy was that parents were not to be ___________ involved with their kids. They were available ________ emergency, but they stood a (an) __________distance from their kids and allowed them to experience the benefits of the trial-and-error process. It was the child’s __________ , back then, to keep his or her parents from getting involved. That was ___________ children learned to be responsible and determined.

Today’s parents help their kids with almost everything. These are parents who are __________ when it comes to an understanding of their purpose in their kids’lives. Their involvement leads them to personalize everything that happens to their kids; ___________, the defensiveness. But given that schools and mental health professionals have been pushing parent involvement for nearly four decades, the confusion and defensiveness are ____________.

University researchers analyzed three decades of data relating to parent participation in children’s academics. Their conclusions ___________ what I’ve been saying since the 1980s: parental help with homework __________ a child’s academic achievement and is not reflected on standardized tests.

Parents who manage a child’s social life interfere with(干预，阻挠) the _________ of good social skills. Parents who manage a child’s after-school activities grow kids who don’t know how to __________ their own free time. Parents who get involved in their kids’ __________ with peers（伙伴） grow kids who don’t know how to avoid much less trouble.

These kids have anxieties and fears of all sorts and don’t want to leave their _________. And their parents, when the time comes, don’t know how to________ being parents. You can imagine what will become of their future.

1.A. touched on        B. counted on          C. resulted in      D. taken in

2.A. associated       B. compared          C. linked           D. matched

3.A.  psychologists    B. adolescents         C. youths           D. parents

4.A.  involvement   B. protection          C. assistance       D. preference

5.A. similarities     B.  differences       C. choices           D. relations

6.A. slightly          B. passively           C. fairly            D. highly

7.A. in view of        B. in spite of        C. in case of         D. in fear of

8.A. safe             B. equal             C. long             D. short

9.A. fault            B. turn              C. job                D. attitude

10.A. when            B. why                 C.  how               D. what

11.A. amazed          B. disappointed      C. confused         D. satisfied

12.A. thus           B. still             C. yet               D. however

13.A. unreasonable    B.  understandable  C.  changeable        D. avoidable

14.A. convinced      B. confirmed          C. realized        D. reflected

15.A. lowers          B.  decides           C. helps             D. encourages

16.A. appearance      B. performance         C.  development       D. establishment

17.A. value           B.  fill              C. devote           D. save

18.A. communication  B.  cooperation        C. conflicts          D. competitions

19.A. school          B.  home               C. career             D. profession

20.A. stop             B. ignore              C. consider          D. Start