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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)（自闭症）is a neurobehavioral（神经行为的）condition that includes damages in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills with stubborn, repetitive（重复的）behaviors.

Children with autism cannot communicate well with others. They have trouble understanding what other people think and feel. This makes it very hard for them to express themselves either with words or through gestures, facial expressions, and touch.

A child with ASD who is very sensitive may be greatly troubled-sometimes even pained-by sounds, touches, smells, or sights that seem normal to others.

Children who are autistic may have unusual responses to people and self-injurious behavior. They refuse to change in their daily life and at times they cannot notice people, objects, or activities in their surroundings.

Some people with ASD may have problems in certain areas, especially the ability to communicate with others. But they may have unusually developed skills in other areas, such as drawing, creating music, solving math problems, or memorizing facts. For this reason, they may test higher—perhaps even in the average or above-average range-on intelligence tests.

Because ASD runs in families, most researchers think that certain genes may make a child suffer from ASD. But there are risk factors that increase the chance of having a child with ASD. For example, parents give birth to a baby at an old age, it will increase the chance of an autistic child. When a pregnant woman（孕妇）takes certain drugs, her child is more likely to be autistic.

There is no known cure. Fortunately, there are proven methods for helping children and adults with ASD learn better ways to express their needs. As the person with ASD learns to communicate what he or she wants, challenging behaviors often improve.

Introduction to ASD	Autism is a neurobehavioral condition 1. damages in social skills and behaviors.
2. of ASD	♦ Children with ASD have difficulty in social communication. ♦ Children tend to be 3. and may be troubled by any normal changes. ♦ Children who are autistic are unwilling to make changes and 4. to notice their surroundings.
Strengths	♦ Doing extremely well in math, music, or art. ♦ Having a good 5. for facts. ♦ Having average or above-average 6..
Risk 7.	♦ Genes are what can make a person more likely to develop ASD. ♦ Children born to 8. parents are at greater risk for having ASD. ♦ There is a high 9. that a pregnant woman taking certain drugs is linked with a higher risk of ASD.
Treatments	Learning to express their needs and communicate with others is a good way to 10. their challenging behaviors.