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In Greek mythology, the Trojan(特洛伊) War was started against the city of Troy by the Greeks after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta. The war is one of the most important events in Greek mythology and has appeared in many works of Greek literature, most notably through Homers(荷马) Iliad. The Iliad relates a part of the last year of the siege(包围) of Troy; the Odyssey describes the journey home of Odysseus, one of the war’s heroes. Other parts of the war are described in a cycle of epic poems(史诗), which have survived through fragments. The war provided material for Greek tragedy and other works of Greek literature, and for Roman poets including Virgil and Ovid.

The war originated from a quarrel between the goddesses Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite, after Eris, the goddess of strife and discord(不和谐), gave them a golden apple marked “for the fairest”. Zeus sent the goddesses to Paris, who judged that Aphrodite, as the “fairest”, should receive the apple. In exchange, Aphrodite made Helen, the most beautiful of all women and wife of Menelaus, fall in love with Paris, who took her to Troy. Agamemnon, king of Mycenae and the brother of Helen’s husband Menelaus, led an expedition of Greek troops to Troy and besieged the city for ten years because of Paris’ insult. After the deaths of many heroes the city fell to the ruse(策略) of the Trojan Horse. The Greeks slaughtered(大屠杀) the Trojans and desecrated(亵渎) the temples, thus earning the gods’ great anger. Few of the Greeks returned safely to their homes.

The ancient Greeks treated the Trojan War as an historical event which had taken place in the 13th or 12th century BC, and believed that Troy was located in modern-day Turkey near the Dardanelles. As of the mid-19th century, both the war and the city were widely believed to be non-historical. In 1868, however, the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann met Frank Calvert, who convinced Schliemann that Troy was at Hissarlik; this claim is now accepted by most scholars. They believe that there is a historical core to the tale. However, whether there is any historical reality behind the Trojan War is still an open question.

 

Topic	Sub topic	Detailed information
	1.   in Literature	• The Iliad	relating what happened in the last year of the siege
• The Odyssey	2.  Odysseus’ journey home
• Epic poems	gaining    3.  through fragments
• Roman poets	Virgil and Ovid included
The Trojan War	Plot Of the War	The war was   4.  by a quarrel between the three goddesses for the title of the “fairest”.
5.  judged Aphrodite the “fairest” in exchange of Helen, the most beautiful woman, who was taken to Troy by him.
Feeling 6.  by Paris’ action, Agamemnon led an expedition of Greek troops to Troy and besieged the city for ten years.
 With the ruse of the Trojan Horse, Greek troops    7.  the city and slaughtered the Trojans and desecrated the temples, which made the gods very angry and made few of them return home safely.
	8.Background	The ancient Greeks’ time	■ The war was believed to be an historical event, 9.   in the 13th or 12th century BC.
The mid-1900s	■ The war was regarded as non-historical.
From 1868	■ Many scholars    10.    Frank Calvert’s claim and believe that there is a historical core to the tale, but it still remains an open question.