王老师
回答题目：2621条
16个时态中,常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时.其他时态很少单独使用.
1、一般现在时
通常以动词原形表示.主语为第三人称单数时,用现单三形式.
动词be和have(表示“拥有”)各人称的单数形式为：
x09第一人称单数 x09第二人称单数 x09第三人称单数
Have x09Have x09Have x09Has
Be x09Am x09Are x09is
一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
动词be 与 have（表示“拥有”）：否定式直接把not放在动词之后,疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前,见下表：
否定式 x09疑问式
Be x09Have x09Be x09Have
I am not (I’m not)… x09I have not (haven’t)… x09Am i…? x09Have i…?
You are not (aren’t)… x09You have not (haven’t)… x09Are you…? x09Have you…?
He is not (isn’t)… x09He has not (hasn’t)… x09Is he …? x09Has he …?
动词be 的否定疑问式和简单回答：
否定疑问式 x09肯定回答 x09否定回答
Am I not (aren’t i)…? x09Yes, you are. x09No, you aren’t
Are you not (aren’t you)…? x09Yes, I am. x09No, I’m not.
Is he not (isn’t he)…? x09Yes, he is. x09No, he isn’t
动词be 与 have(表示“拥有”)：否定式直接把not放在动词之后,疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前,见下表：
否定式 x09疑问式
Be x09Have x09Be x09Have
I am not (I’m not)… x09I have not (haven’t)… x09Am i…? x09Have I …?
You are not (aren’t)… x09You have not (haven’t)… x09Are you …? x09Have you…?
He is not (isn’t)… x09He has not (hasn’t)… x09Is he …? x09Has he …?
动词have(表示“拥有”) 的否定疑问式和简单回答：
否定疑问式 x09肯定回答 x09否定回答
Have I not (haven’t i)…? x09Yes, you have. x09No, you haven’t.
Have you not (haven’t you)…? x09Yes, I have. x09No, I haven’t.
Has he not (hasn’t he)…? x09Yes, he has. x09No, he hasn’t.
注意：have 作为行为动词则只能按照行为动词的规则变化.
行为动词（以study为例）一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答（注意要加助动词do/does）
否定式 x09疑问式
I do not (don’t) study x09Do I study
You do not (don’t) study x09Do you study
He does not (doesn’t) study x09Does he study
否定疑问句式 x09简单回答（肯定/否定）
Do I not (Don’t I) study…? x09Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Do you not (Don’t you) study…? x09Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
Does he not (Doesn’t he) study…? x09Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
2、现在进行时
由助动词be ＋ 现在分词构成.其中be有人称和数的变化,有三种形式：第一人称单数用am, 第三人称单数用is, 其他用are.
现在进行时的否定式是：直接在助动词be后面加上not；疑问式是：把助动词be提到主语之前.以study 为例：
否定式 x09疑问式
I am not studying x09Am I studying?
You are not studying, x09Are you studying?
He is not studying. x09Is he studying?
5、一般过去时
一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示.一般过去时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式要用助动词do 的过去式did, 同时注意实义动词要用原形.以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 x09疑问式
I did not (didn’t) study…. x09Did I study…?
You did not (didn’t) study…. x09Did you study…?
He did not (didn’t) study…. x09Did he study…?
否定疑问式 x09简单回答 （肯定/否定）
Did I not (Didn’t I) study…? x09Yes, you did. No, you didn’t.
Di you not (Didn’t you) study…? x09Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Did he not (Didn’t he) study…? x09Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
6、过去进行时
由助动词be 的过去式 ＋ 现在分词构成.其中be有人称和数的变化,第一、第三人称单数用was,其他用were.
1）过去进行时动词主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作.过去进行时经常与过去时配合使用.例如：
This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 昨天这个时候,我们正在上英语课.
The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. 老师在给我们上课时,汤姆走进教室.
While we were having supper, all the lights went out. 我们吃饭的时候,灯灭了.
He was reading while she was setting the table. 她摆桌子时,他在读书.
It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐黑下来了.风势增强了.
2）过去进行时动词常用always, continually, frequently 等词连用,表示过去经常发生的行为.这种用法表明带有的感情色彩.例如：
The two brothers were frequently quarreling when they were young. 两兄弟小时候常吵架.
In Qing Dynasty, China was always making concessions to western powers. 清朝时,中国总是对西方列强妥协.
7、过去完成时
一律用had + 过去分词构成.
用法：
1）表示发生在过去某一时间或动作之前的事情,即“过去的过去”.用过去完成时,必须有一个过去的时间或动作来作参照,说明在此之前某事已发生.如果两个动作都是在过去发生的,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时.例如：
She told me she had been there three times before. 她告诉我她以前到过那里三次.（“去过”发生在“告诉”之前）
How long had he taught here by the end of last term? 到上学期末为止,他在这里教学多长时间啦? （“教学”发生在上学期末结束之前）
When we arrived, the football match had already begun. 我们到的时候,足球赛已经开始了.
She had visited China twice before she came this year. 她今年来中国之前已访问过中国两次了.
2）过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态,这一动作一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去.例如：
By the middle of last month, I had lived in Beijing for five years. 到上月中旬,我已在北京住了五年了.
By six o’clock they had worked for eight hours. 到六点为止,他们已工作八小时了.
When I came to Shanghai, he had been there for a long time. 我到上海时,他在那里很长时间了.
3）过去完成时动词常用于间接引语和虚拟语气,我们以后会详细讲述.
4）此外,过去完成时常用于 no sooner…than… 和 hardly(scarcely) …when… 这两个句型,前面部分用过去完成时,后面部分用一般过去时.例如：
No sooner had he stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. = He had no sooner stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. 他刚偷到钱包就被当场抓获.
Saddam had hardly realized what was happening when he was captured. = Hardly had Saddam realized what was happening when he was captured. 萨达姆还没有意识到在发生什么事情就被抓获了.
8、过去完成进行时
had been + 动词的现在分词.
用法：表示一直持续到过去某个时间的行为动作,此行为动作或刚结束、或还没结束（可以从上下文看出）.这一时态经常与一般过去时一起使用.例如：
When he came in, I had been trying to repair the TV for a couple of hours. 他进来的时候,我一直在努力修理电视机好几个小时了
The roads were dangerous. It had been raining for two whole days. 道路很危险.雨一直下了两整天.
They were tired because they had been digging since dawn. 他们累了,因为从天亮开始他们就一直在挖.
The boy was delighted with the new mountain bike. He had been hoping for one for a long time. 那男孩得到一辆新山地自行车很高兴.很长时间来他一直希望有一辆.
9、一般将来时
一般将来时动词表示将来发生的动作或情况.主要有以下几种表现形式：
（1）shall/will + 动词原形
表示单纯的将来,不涉及主语的主观意愿.第一人称I, we用shall 或will,其余用will. 其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 x09疑问式
I shall/will not study…. x09Shall I study…?
You will not study…. x09Will you study…?
He will not study…. x09Will he study…?
否定疑问式 x09简单回答（肯定/否定）
Shall I not (shan’t i) study…? x09Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
Will you not (Won’t you) study…? x09Yes, I shall/will. No, I shan’t/won’t.
Will he not (Won’t he) study….? x09Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
例如：
I shall be twenty years old next year. 我明年二十岁.
The sky is black. I think it will rain. 天黑下来了.我想可能会下雨.
You will meet him at the station this afternoon. 你下午会在车站碰到他.
The train will arrive soon. 火车快要到了.
When shall we see you next time? 我们下次什么时候能看见你呢?
He probably won’t go with us. 他大概不能和我们一起去.
注意：
1）shall, will的缩写形式为’ll, 如I’ll, you’ll, he’ll 和she’ll等.
2）will 用于第一人称时,可以表示将来的意愿、决心、允诺、命令等；shall用于第二、三人称时,可以表示说话人的将来的意愿.例如：
I will give you a new pen for your birthday. 我将送你一支新钢笔作为生日礼物.（允诺）
I will take the college entrance examination. 我将参加大学入学考试.（决心）
Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?（征求允诺）
You shall have the book as soon as I get it. 我一拿到书就给你.（说话人的允诺）
The enemy shall not pass. 决不让敌人通过.（说话人的保证）
I will do my best to help you. 我愿意尽力帮助你.（意愿）
Nobody shall be late for the meeting. 任何人开会都不能迟到.（说话人的命令）
（2）be going + 动词不定式
1）这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事.这种打算往往是事先考虑好的.例如：
My brother is going to learn English next year. 我哥哥准备明年学英语.
I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆.
She is not going to be there. 她不会到那儿去的.
When are you going to finish your work? 你的工作什么时候做完?
He is going to stay a week. 他准备呆一星期.
We are going to call a meeting to discuss it. 我们准备开个会来讨论一下.
2）这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事.例如：
Look at these black clouds?it is going to rain. 看这些乌云?要下雨了.
I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪.
I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒.
10、将来进行时
shall/will be + 现在分词
用法：将来进行时动词表示在将来某一段时间内将会发生的动作.
This time next week we shall be working in that factory. 下星期这时候,我们将在那个工厂劳动.
When I get up tomorrow morning, my mother will be getting breakfast for me. 当我明天早晨起床时,我妈妈将在为我准备早饭.
I will be seeing him next month. 我下个月将要见他.
Tomorrow we will be going to the village fair. 我们明天去赶集.
We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July. 七月份我们要去海边度假.
一般将来时与将来进行时都表示将来,那么如何区别一般将来时和将来进行时呢?将来进行时不表示个人意愿,强调主观上感觉某事即将发生,并对这一事情有着期待,感情色彩较浓,强调动作.一般将来时主要是对某一事情即将发生做一个事实性的说明或陈述,强调事实或意愿.
11、过去将来时
（1）由should/would + 动词原形构成.第一人称用should; 第二、三人称用would.美国英语所有人称一律用would. should/would 的简略形式为’d, 如I’d, you’d; would not 和should not的简略形式分别为wouldn’t 和shouldn’t.
（2）过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情,多用在宾语从句中.还可以表示过去的倾向或过去经常发生的事情.如：
They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon. 他们问我是否很快要去广州.
She told me she would come again next week. 她和我说她下周还来.
I told him to leave immediately, but he wouldn’t. 我告诉他马上离开,但他不.
He’d play the violin when he was in low spirits. 他情绪低落的时候,就拉小提琴.
When I was in college, I would find a part-time job during the summer holidays every year to earn my tuition. 我上大学的时候,每年暑假都找份临时工挣学费.
（3）其他表示过去将来时的结构：
12、将来完成时
shall/will + have + 过去分词
用法：将来完成时动词主要表示在将来的某一时刻或将来的某一时刻之前完成的动作,这一动作也可能继续进行.例如：
By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have got to Shanghai if the train keeps good line. 如果火车运行正常,我们今天下午七点就到上海了.
Before bedtime Xiao Ming will have completed his work. 到上床睡觉的时候,小明会做完他的工作（或作业）.
By February next year this foreign expert will have been here on this job for five years. 到明年二月,这个外国专家在这儿做这项工作就满五年了.
By Sept. 2008 Beijing will have held/hosted the Olympic Games. 到2008年9月,北京将举行完了奥运会.
