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常见的同义词,和句型转换
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(1)将肯定句改为否定句时,除要正确使用谓语动词的否定形式外,还要将句中的some改为any,将something改为anything等。例如: (例1.)There is some rice in the bowl.→ There isn’t any rice in the bowl. (例2.)They bought something in the supermarket.→ They didn’t buy anything in the supermarket. (2)将陈述句改为一般疑问句时,要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其时态形式确定其疑问式,同时还要注意将原句中的some改为any,将something改为anything等。例如: (例1.)I’ve got some money with me.→ Have you got any money with you? (例2.)Mr.Wang said something about the accident at themeeting.→ Did Mr.Wang say anything about the accident at the meeting? (3)将陈述句改为反意疑问句时,除了遵循陈述部分若为肯定式,疑问部分则用否定式和陈述部分若为否定式,疑问部分则用肯定式的原则外,还要注意:当陈述部分含有little,few,no,nothing,never等否定意义的词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。另外,还要注意部分情态动词的特殊情况,如当陈述部分为must be,表示对现在情况的推测,作“一定”或“肯定” 讲时,疑问部分的动词一般用be的相应否定形式,而不用mustn’t。例如: (例1.)Tom likes reading,doesn’t he? There weren’t any mice in the room,were there? (例2.)There is little water in the cup,is there? They must be in the reading-room,aren’t they? (4)对划线部分提问时,可按一定、二移(或加)、三变化、四删除的步骤进行。第一步“定”,就是根据划线部分的内容确定适当的疑问词。如问时间用when或what time,问地点用where,问价钱用howmuch,问年龄用how old,问原因用why,问“做什么事”用what…do/does/did等。第二步“移(或加)”,就是将句子结构改为一般疑问句的形式,如果谓语部分含有系动词be,助动词be,will,have或情态动词时,则将这类动词移到句首。如果谓语动词是行为动词,则需在主语前加助动词do,does或did。但是,如果划线部分是原句的主语或主语部分的定语,则不需要这一步。第三步“变化”,即对句子中某些词作相应的变化,除了将谓语动词变为原形动词外,还要注意将原句中句首单词(专有名词除外)的首字母改为小写,将句中的some变为any,将句号变为问号等。第四步“删除”,就是去掉被疑问词替换的划线部分的词。例如: (例1.)My uncle has been to Hong Kong twice.→ How many times has your uncle been to Hong Kong? (例2.)It took the artist half an hour to draw thebeautifulhorse.→ How long did it take the artist to draw the beautifulhorse? (例3.)Her mother is a nurse.→ What is her mother? (例4.)The children are playing football on the playground.→ Where are the boys playing football? (例5.)He read some newspapers in the reading room.→ What did he do in the reading-room? (5)将陈述句变为感叹句时,首先要确定是用what还是用how开头。如果强调部分的中心词是名词,就用what;若是形容词或副词,则用how。然后将所强调的部分移至what或how之后,要注意去掉修饰这一形容词或副词的副词。例如: (例1.)He is a very good teacher.→ What a good teacher he is! (例2.)They danced quite well.→ How well they danced! (6)将简单句变为复合句或将复合句变为并列句或简单句时,既要注意句子的结构变化,又要注意不能改变句子的意思。要重视一些常用连词和动词的非谓语形式的用法。例如: (例1.)We think it true.→ We think that it is true. (例2.)If you use your head,you’ll find a way.→ Use you head,then you’ll find a way. (例3.)He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.→ He was too angry to say a word. (7)将主动语态变为被动语态时,谓语动词变为be+过去分词”形式,这里的be除了要与原句在时态上保持一致外,还要与句子的主语在人称和数等方面保持一致。例如: (例1.)They have set up a new primary school in myhometown.→ A new primary school has been set up in myhometown. (8)将直接引语改为间接引语时,除了要对人称代词、动词时态、时间状语和地点状语等作相应的变化外,有时还要更改相应的谓语动词或将谓语动词改为非谓语形式。例如: (例1.)The teacher said,“Will you come here next Sunday?”→ The teacher asked me whether I would go there thenext Sunday. (例2.)The woman said to the boy,“Go away.”→ The woman ordered the boy to go away. (9)在作同义词语的转换时,首先要理解原句的意思,然后根据原句的意思和要补全句子的结构填入所缺少的词,使两句意思相同或相近。例如: (例1.)My father drives to work every day.→ My father goes to work by car every day. (例2.)May I borrow your bike,please?→ Can you lend me your bike, please? - 追问:
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