题目内容：

    People often plan to receive medical exam but don’t, resulting in increasing health care cost. A surprising number of citizens mean to complete tax forms in time but forget to, forcing them to pay unnecessary fines. Many families miss the government deadline to complete financial aid forms, losing out on aid available for child care.

How can policymakers help people follow through on important tasks? They use carrots and sticks: bonuses, late fees, or regulations. These methods can be clumsy, and often aren’t effective for the situation at hand. Reminding people to form simple plans. however, provides a low-cost, simple, and powerful tool.

Evidence is growing that providing prompts, which push people at key times to think through how and when they will follow through, make people more likely to act on tasks of importance. In one early randomized study on tetanus vaccination rates, for example, a team of social psychologists showed that 28% of Oxford University seniors got the shot after being encouraged to review their weekly schedules and to select a possible time to stop by the health center. They were also given a list of times when shots were available and a map showing the health center’s location. Only 3% of the seniors got the shot when simply informed about how effective the shots were.

People who make a plan gain an advantage from their psychological forces. Specifically, they can overcome the tendency to put off as well as the tendency to be overly optimistic about the time it will take to accomplish a task. Imagine Sarah who wants to renew a car insurance, but it will require two hours of travel to and from a garage. Making a plan may lead her to lake two hours off and have her responsibilities covered by her colleagues while she is away. Moreover, she will be less likely to underestimate the time needed to accomplish the task—a particularly common problem for complex tasks.

People mistakenly believe that their strong intentions are enough to push them to perform desired behaviors. These psychological research results stress the need for policy decisions that encourage plan making and improve social welfare.

1.What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1?

A.Heavy burden of daily chores. B.Lack of task management skills.

C.Disappointment of over-ambitions. D.Failure to achieve original intentions.

2.What does the randomized tetanus vaccination study show?

A.People need to think deeply before they act.

B.Specific reminders help people accomplish plans.

C.Awareness of task significance matters in planning.

D.Seniors need encouragement to have vaccination shots.

3.What psychological benefit can people get from making a plan?

A.They are realistic in the time required. B.They are optimistic about the outcome.

C.They are confident to overcome hardship. D.They are careful with task arrangements.

4.Who may be the intended readers of this text?

A.Medical staff. B.Government officials.

C.Ordinary people. D.Social psychologists.