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Feedback is regarded as an essential component of a successful business culture. Used correctly, it ...
题目内容:
Feedback is regarded as an essential component of a successful business culture. Used correctly, it can improve performance and teamwork. In a recent study, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Human Development and the IESE Business School in Barcelona examined which type of feedback tended to lead to cooperative behaviors and which to competitive behaviors. To this end, 112 students of different subjects and 28 managers, all of whom had at least seven years of professional experience, were invited to participate in a laboratory experiment.
Groups of four participants played variants (变体)of a classic public goods game. Each player was given a fixed number of points to invest per round. During the time of the ten rounds, they were required to decide how many points they wanted to invest in a group project and how many in their own individual project. The rewards for cooperative behavior differed across the two experimental scenarios (方案),impacting participants, scores and finally how much money they were paid. In the first scenario, cooperative behavior on average led to a better score for the group, but to a worse score on the personal level. In the second scenario, cooperation paid off for both the group and the individual. Uncooperative behavior not only reduced the overall score, but also harmed the other players more than it did the participants themselves. After each round, the participants received feedback—either just on their own performance (individualistic feedback) or additional feedback on the performance of the group as a whole (joint outcome feedback) or on how they ranked relative to the other players (ranking feedback).
The results showed that the type of feedback received had a significant impact on participants' views of the scenario and on whether they behaved cooperatively or competitively. Participants who were given individual feedback behaved cooperatively in the cooperative scenario and increasingly selfishly in the competitive scenario over the rounds played. Participants who were given feedback on the performance of the group as a whole were generally interested in maintaining cooperation, regardless of the scenario.
1.What does the study try to find out?
A.What can improve employees' performance and teamwork.
B.What professional feedback is needed to inspire employees.
C.How the professional experience inspire teamwork among employees.
D.How different types of feedback impact interactions among employees.
2.What were the participants asked to do in the game?
A.Find at least two partners.
B.Play it more than ten rounds.
C.Set up and invest their own projects.
D.Invest every round with given points.
3.What did the participants get when they worked individually in scenario two?
A.A better score for the group but a worse for individuals.
B.A worse score for the group and more harm to others.
C.A worse score for the group but a better for individuals.
D.A worse score for the group and more harm to themselves.
4.What is probably discussed in the following text?
A.How different scenarios reward participants.
B.How participants given ranking feedback behaved.
C.How participants given individual feedback behaved.
D.How participants given joint outcome feedback behaved.
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