题目内容：

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children ____ criminal behavior before they were not sufficiently ____ for previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate control from parents. All ____, however, are uncertain or unimproved and are of course challenged with criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. This results in dissatisfaction among youths and may in ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also experienced ____ these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other noticeable ____ of offensive acts include unfavorable experience or failure in school, the ____ availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing phenomenon of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the ____ of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct cause and effect relationship has not yet been established.

1.A. refer to      B. know about       C. engage in        D. learn of

2.A. punished  B. forgiven    C. forgotten      D. excused

3.A. return      B. contact    C. reference      D. response

4.A. considering     B. ignoring    C. highlighting  D. believing

5.A. values      B. misbehaviors       C. criminals      D. theories

6.A. affect      B. reduce        C. prevent   D. reflect

7.A. point      B. lead     C. come    D. add

8.A. in general       B. on average      C. by contrast      D. at last

9.A. case   B. short        C. turn    D. essence

10.A. failure      B. miseries    C. development  D. changes

11.A. contrarily     B. consequently  C. similarly      D. occasionally

12.A. education     B. concept    C. structure      D. economy

13.A. suggestions     B. causes       C. ideas       D. reports

14.A. increased     B. restricted       C. reasonable      D. popular

15.A. knowledge     B. aspect       C. strength      D. probability