题目内容：

    While we may think it feels good to complain, complaining has some bad effects associated with it.

Why isn't complaining beneficial? Research shows that it connects our brain with negativity.The brain is designed to work efficiently.This means that when we repeat a thought, negative or positive, the nerve cells form a bridge between each other to pass information in a higher speed.Therefore, the next time we have a similar type of thought, it is more easily passed.This explains why certain thought patterns become habits.

Yet the harmful effects don't stop there.A study shows that complaining causes the hippocampus(海马区), which plays a vital role in problem-solving, to become smaller.

In addition to causing brain damage, complaining also releases a stress hormone: cortisol, a kind of chemical the body produces when we meet with some danger.Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and lower immunity(免疫力).

The ill effects of our complaining aren't just limited to ourselves: they also involve those around us.We tend to mirror the moods of our friends.For this reason, we should be cautious about having stubborn complainers in our circle of companions.

The best way to deal with constant negativity is to develop a sense of gratitude(感恩).Just like complaining acts as a poison, gratitude acts as a medicine.Research shows it lowers cortisol levels by 23 percent, as well as reduces blood pressure and blood sugar.It also decreases tiredness and depression.Gratitude is the perfect cure for complaining, a behavior that steals our brain power, happiness and physical well-being.

What have you observed about the effects of complaining in your own life or in the lives of others? Have you noticed that when you are grateful, you feel better all over? Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.

1.What do Para 2-3 mainly talk about?

A. The diseases caused by complaining.

B. The decrease of a vital part of our brain.

C. The bad effects of complaining on brain power.

D. The reason why certain thought patterns become habits.

2.What can we know about cortisol from the passage?

A. Gratitude is an effective cure for Cortisol.

B. Our body produce cortisol when we feel exited.

C. Cortisol is a chemical that can cause brain damage.

D. Having a high level of cortisol can lead to many health problems.

3.What attitude does the writer take to stubborn complainers?

A. Grateful. B. Tolerant.

C. Disapproving. D. Skeptical.

4.Where can the passage most probably appear?

A. In a newspaper. B. In a medical report.

C. On a website. D. In a radio program.