题目内容：

    In 1960，Douglas McGregor developed a leadership theory about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions(看法)about people.He referred to these two perceptions as Theory X and Theory Y．Douglas then arrived at the conclusion that the style of leadership depends on the manager's perception of people.

In Theory X，Douglas summarizes the traditional view of management in a number of characteristic assumptions in which authoritarian(专制的)leadership style，close supervision and the hierarchical principle are the key elements.Theory X starts from the assumption that people are naturally lazy，want to avoid work as much as possible，have no ambition and prefer to be supervised.The authoritarian leadership style is therefore the most appropriate leadership style.The system of rewards and punishments works best for employees.

Douglas starts from the assumption in Theory Y that people have different needs.Theory Y assumes that people are inherently happy to work，they want to exert themselves and they are motivated to pursue objectives.There is no need for the system that involves rewards and punishments.People are prepared to take responsibility for everything they do.People want to use their creativity and they like to take a creative problem solving approach.

The central principle of Theory Y is that of integration：individuals can achieve their own goals by also focusing their efforts on the objectives of the organization they work for.They want to get the most out of their work through satisfaction，appreciation and motivation.Theory Y therefore assumes that control，rewards and punishments are not the only ways to stimulate people.

A democratic leadership style arises on the basis of Theory Y which allows the employees to have a greater say.Encouragement and rewards are used rather than control and supervision.Employees are given an opportunity to develop themselves and put their capabilities to good use.When an organization does not respond to this，employees will start looking for possibilities to explore their skills outside their work.

1.According to Douglas，what mainly determines a manager's working style?

A.What he expects to achieve in work.

B.What his own personality is.

C.What he thinks employees are like.

D.What he is in charge of in a company.

2.Which of the following statements is true according to Theory Y?

A.Employees have the motivation to work and achieve.

B.Rewards should never be involved in work place.

C.Responsible people are always well prepared for work.

D.Creativity will encourage employees to solve problems.

3.What is the biggest difference between the two theories?

A.To control or encourage. B.To reward or punish.

C.To suspect or respect. D.To instruct or follow.

4.What would be the best title for the text?

A.Douglas，Thinker of Management

B.How to Manage Your Employees

C.Douglas' X Y Theory of Management

D.The Roles of Managers and Employees