题目内容：

    For a long time hikers in Japan have considered a bear bell essential. Its tinny ring is said to scare off huge creatures. Nowadays, however, bear bells are increasingly useful on the way to the shops as well as in the wild. “The number of animals - whether bears, boars or monkeys --is expanding, and they are going into villages and towns”, says Hiroto Enari of  Yamagata University.

Japan is home to many species of wild animals, including both black and brown bears. Estimates of their numbers are unstable, but since the 2000s the number of bear sightings has been rising. There were close to 1 3 , 000 in 2018 alone. The reappearance has its roots in the truth : the shrinking of Japan’s population is especially sharp in rural areas, where it is more serious by ongoing urbanization. The reducing quantity of people, in turn, has emboldened (使大胆)animals. Bears are less limited about entering villages in broad daylight if there are few folks around, Mr Enari says. Indeed, the biggest jumps in sightings have been where the population is falling fastest.

Hunting is declining in Japan, too. Government data suggest that the average hunter is now 68 years old. The country’s many forests and mountains provide an expansive habitat for wild animals. Indeed, the true wilderness is growing as foresters and farmers die off. Bears become particularly bold in years when acorns (橡实)are scarce, sneaking into orchards (果园)to steal fruits.

While some welcome their reappearance? others suffer from it. Every year bears injure scores of people, and kill a handful. Deer cause damage to farmland and speed up erosion by, for example, eating up grass. Simple solutions, such as changing the layout around villages or putting up fences, are rarely used. Instead, many bears are captured or killed. In 2013 the government decided to halve the number of certain types of deer, boars and monkeys by 2023. Japan is struggling to adapt to the changing power balance between animals and people”, says Mr Enari.

1.In Japan, what were the bear bells first used for?

A.Warning people of bears’  appearance.

B.Safeguarding the shops and villages.

C.Driving away various wild animals.

D.Scaring off bears for the hikers.

2.What can we learn from paragraph 2?

A.It is hard to see a brown bear in Japan.

B.The number of bear sightings has declined since 2000.

C.Japan’s reducing population is a main cause for bears’ reappearance.

D.Bears appear most frequently where the population increases fastest.

3.What is the other cause for wild animals’ reappearance?

A.The increase of forests. B.The decline of hunting.

C.The reduction of their habitats. D.The death of foresters and farmers.

4.What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A.The problem wild animals bring about and related measures to handle it.

B.Japanese people’s attitude to the reappearance of wild animals.

C.Methods for killing wild animals and the government’s attitude to them.

D.The wild animals’ future Japanese experts expect.