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People often feel anonymous (匿名) on the Internet. They believe their browsing behaviors and what the...
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People often feel anonymous (匿名) on the Internet. They believe their browsing behaviors and what they buy or write can be private as they want. In fact, that’s far from true, a new study finds.
Websites usually offer a statement that describes what they may or may not do with data about a user’s activities. You might be attracted to read through that entire document. But be prepared for disappointment. These documents tend to list only a small part of the websites which are allowed to have access to your data. Therefore, it’s impossible for users to make informed judgments about how private their online activities are.
The new research explored the disclosure on data-sharing by 200, 000 websites. These included the Arkansas state government homepage and the Country Music site. The study analyzed how these sites shared data with third parties. Such recipients of your data could be advertisers or companies that make money by selling personal data. The study also examined how those sites had described their policy for protecting the data privacy.
Timothy Libert, who works at Oxford University, studies data privacy. For this analysis, he used a software tool called webXray. It tracked 1.8 million data shared by each of those websites with third-party data collectors. Only 14.8% of those data went to third parties that were named in the sites privacy policies.
Data that were transferred to widely familiar third parties—Google, Facebook and Twitter—were more likely to be leaked than those were transferred to unknown parties. Libert found that 38.3% of data sent to Google had been leaked.
Even if a website listed all of the third parties it shared your data with, users still might never learn how widely their data had been shared. Why? Third parties that receive data can later share those data again. Think of your data now being transmitted to anonymous fourth and fifth parties. Getting online is “sort of like throwing beans in the air,” Libert concludes. “There’s no way to know where your data end up.”
1.What aspect of the websites statements will disappoint people?
A. The length of the documents. B. The reliability of the information.
C. The readability of the contents. D. The accuracy of the language.
2.What does the underlined word “disclosure” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Reveal. B. Money.
C. Disappointment. D. Advertisement.
3.What did Libert find in his study?
A. More than a quarter of data-sharing went to unnamed third parties.
B. The data on the Internet is always kept secret by third parties.
C. Widely familiar third parties could collect users’ data more difficultly.
D. Widely familiar third parties were more likely to leak out users’ online data.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A. Famous websites are no longer safe
B. Private data can no longer be private
C. Data-sharing is becoming very unpopular
D. Large companies make money by selling personal data
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